Residential energy storage system (RESS) is an energy storage solution used in households or residential environments, with the main function of storing electrical energy for daily consumption. The following is a detailed introduction to household energy storage systems:
1. Working principle:
-Electricity storage: converting solar energy into direct current through solar photovoltaic panels. During the day, when the electricity generated by photovoltaic panels exceeds the immediate electricity demand of households, the excess electricity will be converted into a suitable storage form through inverters and stored in energy storage batteries.
-Electricity release: During periods such as night or rainy days when photovoltaic panels are unable to generate electricity effectively, the electricity stored in the energy storage battery will be converted back into AC power through an inverter for use by household appliances. When the power grid is cut off, the household energy storage system can automatically switch to off grid mode to ensure the continuity of household electricity consumption.
2. Main components:
-Photovoltaic modules: including solar photovoltaic panels and bracket systems. Photovoltaic panels are the core components used to absorb sunlight and convert it into electrical energy; The bracket system is used to fix and support photovoltaic panels, ensuring that they are at the optimal tilt angle and orientation to improve the absorption efficiency of solar energy.
-Energy storage system:
-Energy storage batteries: Lithium ion batteries are commonly used, which have the characteristics of high energy density, long lifespan, and relatively high safety. Other types of batteries such as lead-acid batteries and vanadium flow batteries may also be used in certain specific scenarios, but lithium-ion batteries are currently the mainstream choice for household energy storage.
-Battery Management System (BMS): monitors and manages the charging and discharging status of batteries, including monitoring parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, etc., to prevent overcharging, overdischarging, overheating, etc., ensuring the safety and service life of batteries.
-Power conversion equipment:
-Inverter: Convert the direct current generated by photovoltaic panels into alternating current for household appliances, or convert the direct current in energy storage batteries into alternating current for household use. According to the system configuration, a unidirectional inverter or a bidirectional inverter can be used.
-Controller: As an intelligent control system, it coordinates the energy flow between photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, and the power grid, optimizes the operation of the system based on factors such as household electricity demand, photovoltaic power generation situation, and energy storage battery status.
-Auxiliary equipment: including distribution cabinets for the distribution and protection of electrical energy, equipped with protective devices such as circuit breakers and fuses inside; The monitoring system can monitor photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, and household electricity consumption in real time, so that users can understand the operating status of the system and optimize its operation through data analysis.
3. Application scenarios:
-Self use: Achieving self-sufficiency in household electricity consumption, reducing dependence on the power grid, and lowering electricity bills. Especially for areas with high electricity bills or abundant solar energy resources, this application scenario has high economic benefits.
-Emergency backup power supply: In the event of power outages, malfunctions, or natural disasters, it serves as an emergency backup power supply to ensure the normal operation of important household equipment such as lighting, refrigerators, communication devices, etc., and improve the reliability and safety of household electricity consumption.
4. Advantages:
-Strong energy independence: Families can achieve energy self-sufficiency through photovoltaic power generation and energy storage, reducing dependence on traditional power grids and improving the stability and reliability of energy supply.
-Significant economic benefits: On the one hand, it can reduce electricity bills, and on the other hand, in some areas, it can also participate in electricity market transactions, selling excess electricity to the grid and obtaining additional economic benefits.
-Good environmental benefits: Using clean energy such as solar energy to generate electricity reduces the use of traditional fossil fuels by households, lowers carbon emissions and environmental pollution, and helps promote sustainable development.
-Intelligent management: Through intelligent control and monitoring systems, users can easily manage and operate household energy storage systems, optimize energy management, and improve system efficiency.
5.Key points of Installation
5.1. Requirement assessment: Before installing an energy storage system, a comprehensive assessment of the household's electricity demand, electricity habits, and renewable energy resources should be conducted to determine the appropriate capacity and configuration of the energy storage system.
5.2. Selection and configuration: Select appropriate key components such as energy storage devices, inverters, and controllers based on the evaluation results to ensure the stability and efficiency of the system. Priority should be given to selecting well-known brands and certified products to ensure quality and safety.
5.3. Installation location: The installation location of the energy storage system should be well ventilated, dry, and easy to maintain, avoiding direct sunlight and humid environments. At the same time, the cooling requirements of the system should be fully considered to ensure that the equipment operates within a safe temperature range.
5.4. Professional installation: The installation and commissioning of energy storage systems should be carried out by a professional team to ensure the correct connection and safe operation of the system. During the installation process, relevant standards and specifications should be strictly followed to ensure electrical safety.
5.5. Monitoring and management: After installation, the monitoring system should be activated in a timely manner to monitor and manage the operation status of the energy storage system in real time. Any abnormal situations should be dealt with in a timely manner to ensure the long-term stable operation of the system.
